honda0105

Champion Author
Tallahassee
Posts:15,957 Points:1,245,100 Joined:Nov 2008
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Message Posted: Feb 10, 2012 6:06:07 AM
The whole Keystone XL is a bad project, was from the start, hasn't improved so far. Time to send it to the scrap pile, complete with the waste of money from the rusting pipes already done overseas by people making about $0.20 / hour.
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NHLiveFree

Champion Author
New Hampshire
Posts:8,027 Points:1,271,015 Joined:Jun 2008
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Message Posted: Feb 9, 2012 2:15:37 AM
Thanks for presenting so much factual information for all on GB to ponder and digest. It makes much more sense to send the Alberta crude directly east for use by Ontario, Quebec and all the Maritimes. Aren't all Canadians fed up with 1.20/litre and beyond??? Stand up and let your voices be heard by Harper, with his lifetime contract w Shell, and all Harper's cohorts. Demand what is best for Canaada, not some foreign global mega corporation.
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 11:04:17 PM
For those curious about my last few replies below, simply reference the reply posted here yesterday (Feb 07, 2012) by VomVom at 9:14:54 PM - it's on page 2, roughly half-way down the page.
[Edited by: Martinman at 2/8/2012 11:06:44 PM EST]
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 10:43:46 PM
"ding! ding!"
Round Two...
Let's see, what was that about the aquifer...?
I'll keep this one simple. Taken from page 3.3-9 of the EIS:
"Nebraska
Key Aquifers
The proposed route in Nebraska also overlies the NHPAQ system. The NHPAQ system supplies 78 percent of the public water supply and 83 percent of irrigation water in Nebraska (Emmons and Bowman 1999). Many commenters on the draft EIS requested additional information on portions of the NHPAQ system that could be impacted by the proposed Project. In Nebraska, the NHPAQ system includes five main hydrogeologic units, including the Brule and Arikaree Formation, the Eastern Nebraska Unit, the Ogallala Formation, the Platte River Valley Unit, and the Sand Hills Unit (see Figure 3.3.1-6). These units occur over approximately 64,400 square miles in Nebraska. The proposed Project ROW would extend 247 linear miles through areas underlain by the NHPAQ system. The pipeline would IMMEDIATELY OVERLIE 81 miles of the Eastern Nebraska Unit, 62 MILES OF THE OGALLALA FORMATION, 12 miles of the Platte River Valley Unit, and 92 miles of the Sand Hills Unit."
From page 3.3-11 of the EIS:
"The well locations where estimated groundwater depth falls within Categories A and C can be used to estimate the distance along the proposed pipeline corridor in Nebraska where water depths less than or equal to 10 feet bgs could be encountered. These data suggest that APPROXIMATELY 65 MILES OF THE PROPOSED PIPELINE CORRIDOR IN NEBRASKA COULD ENCOUNTER GROUNDWATER AT A DEPTH BELOW GROUND SURFACE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 10 FEET (see Figure 3.3.1-3). THE MAJORITY OF THESE AREAS ARE PRESENT IN THE SAND HILLS UNIT and the Platte River Valley Unit AND OVERLIE THE DEEPER OGALLALA FORMATION."
Emphasis mine - I thought I would make it easier, so you don't miss it this time.
Oh, and even if the proposed pipeline corridor did not directly overlie the aquifer, this might give just a little bit of concern:
From page ES-9 of the Executive Summary, section titled "Maximum pill Volume":
"Keystone conducted an assessment of the maximum potential pipeline spill volume from a complete pipeline structural failure. Keystone estimated that the maximum spill volume would be approximately 2.8 million gallons, which would be possible along less than 1.7 miles of the proposed pipeline route due to topographic conditions. For approximately 50 percent of the proposed pipeline route (approximately 842 miles), the maximum spill volume would be approximately 672,000 gallons."
Page ES-8 (the page prior) contains the following text:
"Based on those data, DOS calculated that there could be from 1.18 to 1.83 spills greater than 2,100 gallons PER YEAR FOR THE ENTIRE PROJECT. The estimated frequency of spills of any size ranged from 1.78 to 2.51 spills PER YEAR."
The text immediately following that, also states:
"The existing Keystone Oil Pipeline System has experienced 14 spills since it began operation in June 2010. The spills occurred at fittings and seals at pump or valve stations and did not involve the actual pipeline. Twelve of the spills remained entirely within the confines of the pump and valve stations. Of those spills, 7 were 10 gallons or less, 4 were 100 gallons or less, 2 were between 400 and 500 gallons, and 1 was 21,000 gallons."
Funny, they forgot all about the awesome "drip pans".
.
Now, what was that you were saying about "... Man from Mars [lying] through his teeth..." ?
Help me out here, remember, you said my memory wasn't very good...
.
[Edited by: Martinman at 2/8/2012 10:44:42 PM EST]
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 10:23:26 PM
No show,... huh?
Okay, let’s look at those 14 [supposed] "drip pan" spills:
21 May 10 – 5 gallons (failure of a 1-1/2" below ground fitting connected to a mainline isolation valve)
Wow. TransCanada even went so far as to install “below ground” drip pans? Impressive!
23 Jun 10 - ~100 gallons (leak occurred at PS site during maintenance from a small fitting attached to the sump pump)
Wow. Again impressive. I don’t think I’ve ever seen a “100-gallon” drip pan…
10 Aug 10 - ~2 gallons (Failure of a 1" fitting attached to a pig trap receiver)
19 Aug 10 – 10 gallons (failure of a 1/2" above ground fitting)
Sweet! Another great catch by those “drip pans”...
05 Jan 11 - <2 gallons (leak occurred when a station pump seal bearing started seeping oil)
08 Jan 11 - <3 gallons (source of the leak was a seal (packing) on a 6" valve)
A 6" valve ? That would have been impressive, if not immediately caught.
31 Jan 11 - <10 gallons (source of the leak was a seal failure on Pump #2)
03 Feb 11 - <15 gallons (source of release was a temporary vent gas separator)
Hmm,... see a trend here...?
11 Feb 11 - <100 gallons (source of release was seal failure during maintenance activity on pump seal))
23 Feb 11 – 10 gallons (source of the leak was a valve seal on a drain line of a pump suction line)
08 Mar 11 - <5 gallons (source of the leak was a pump unit bearing housing)
16 Mar 11 - 12 barrels [500+ gallons] (source of the leak was a pump seal failure)
07 May 11 – 500 barrels [21,000 gallons] (source of the leak was a 3/4" diameter pipe nipple failure)
Woo hoo! We have a “crowd pleaser” folks.
The NRC report states that 5 barrels were “sprayed off-site impacting neighboring properties [*plural*] to the south…”
29 May 11 - <10 barrels [<420 gallons] (source of the leak was a 1/2" nipple located on a pressure transmitter)
That was the last spill or leak reported at the time the EIS data were compiled.
A couple of disturbing trends emerged in reviewing these data.
1. Most of the larger spills were grossly under-reported, and then later “revised”.
2. One spill involved property outside of the pipeline easement, and several required removal of contaminated soil/ground from the impacted areas.
3. Witnesses of the 21,000 gallon leak, reported a “six-story geyser”
Told ya' it was a "crowd pleaser"...
Ready for round two?
.
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 9:32:10 PM
And you didn't really think I'd let your little distortion of the prior spills go to rest...
... now did you?
So...
... does 21,000 ring a bell?
Hmm....?
ding! ding!
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 8:17:57 PM
Sung to a popular tune, we all know and love...
"Where, oh where has little Vom gone;
Oh where, oh where can he be?
With his memory so short;
and list of BS so long.
Oh where, oh where can he be?"
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:48:09 PM
The interests of Canadians and Americans would be better served by the actions as proposed by Gravelle (build and refine within, export what remains).
You Canadians have been paying through the nose for fuel, for decades. Now once you have an opportunity to achieve true energy independence and reduce the blood-letting at the pump, the Conservatives want to circumvent that solely to support corporate interests.
Canada has refineries that cannot process it's own crude oil, and in one instance chose to DISASSEMBLE a Canadian refinery, versus upgrading it. Why is it that both foreign-owned and American-owned refineries in the U.S. can afford to upgraded their refineries to process Canadian heavy crude oil, but Canada cannot? Why Canadian pipeline corporations can propose nearly 5,000 miles of pipelines by which to export, but not even 3,000 miles to utilize it's own refineries for the benefit of it's own citizens.
Why is that?
The conservatives cry how others are trying to socialize their countries, but these actions only go to further "globalization", the truest form of socialization.
They claim their intentions are being done to benefit both countries long-term, but their actions show what they're attempting to do is solely for short-term profits - at the expense of their citizens. And this continues to be reinforced, by Harper's increasingly desperate actions and statements; by his efforts to manipulate public opinion, of the citizens of both.
[Edited by: Martinman at 2/8/2012 12:52:15 PM EST]
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tomok

Champion Author
Portland
Posts:26,023 Points:1,981,410 Joined:Aug 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 3:09:29 AM
Canada Natural Resources Vice Chairman Opposes Keystone Pipeline. Maybe Canada should ‘mine’ their tar sands oil, build their own refineries, refine their oil into fuel and build their own pipeline to each coast. They can sell it to whomever will buy it and the US will never get involved in their production or distribution. Canada can employ their own workers and affect their oil lands for the good or bad. It will Not be a carbon neutral process or endeavor. So What’s Cheaper? The difference in cost between building new sections of oil pipeline, connecting to existing pipeline sections in the US for delivery to the Gulf Coast refineries. OR build new refineries and oil pipeline within Canada for fuel production And the additional income taxes paid by Canadian workers. The price of fuel at the pump is too high! 12/22/2012!
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Krykson

All-Star Author
Chicago
Posts:840 Points:247,185 Joined:Jul 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 2:36:32 AM
Interesting
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 1:09:36 AM
Hey VomVom, I have something for you...
Would you like the page numbers, or the word-for-word text posted here?
Your call!
[ suddenly hears the sound of a resounding "SPLAT !" ]
[Edited by: Martinman at 2/8/2012 1:10:29 AM EST]
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Dodge_Me

Champion Author
Atlanta
Posts:1,100 Points:234,600 Joined:Mar 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:59:21 AM
Ha, Someone else that has some common sense about this pipeline
Quote from article:
Q: The U.S. has a bigger jobless problem than Canada right now and Republicans in the U.S. are pushing Obama to allow the pipeline to be constructed because it would create jobs in the U.S. and reduce reliance on Middle Eastern oil. Do you think it will create jobs in the U.S.?
A: It's the same situation as in Canada. Once the American pipeline is built there are no more jobs.
:Enough said!
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TBRR

Champion Author
Jacksonville
Posts:2,507 Points:412,995 Joined:Dec 2007
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:30:46 AM
spoken like a true socialist buddy of obummers.
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Quick68

Champion Author
Columbus
Posts:5,545 Points:861,700 Joined:Dec 2009
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:28:41 AM
Offer his more money he will come over.
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heartbroken2010

Champion Author
Ottawa
Posts:2,502 Points:533,455 Joined:Aug 2010
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:26:58 AM
just might get some people upset here for sure.
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Buddy2264

Champion Author
Tampa
Posts:9,792 Points:1,996,340 Joined:Oct 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:24:36 AM
Have to agree with him....
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tedjm1

Champion Author
New York
Posts:4,060 Points:492,465 Joined:Dec 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:24:27 AM
Glad people are strting to think for themselves.
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rawdog1313

Champion Author
Lexington
Posts:1,490 Points:1,279,485 Joined:May 2008
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:24:26 AM
People better open their eyes about this before the GOP pushes the damn thing through!
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Zonk

Champion Author
Michigan
Posts:4,642 Points:1,740,675 Joined:Oct 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:23:19 AM
Claude Gravelle makes some very interesting and valid points.
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Double_Golden

All-Star Author
San Francisco
Posts:730 Points:241,755 Joined:Aug 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:23:03 AM
oh, men, what's next?
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tampacrvdriver

Champion Author
Tampa
Posts:1,711 Points:358,350 Joined:May 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:20:42 AM
I don't see why.
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jrsva

Champion Author
Virginia
Posts:7,765 Points:1,249,225 Joined:Jan 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:16:34 AM
Ah, a fresh voice of reason in Canada. This is why I have been in favor of delaying XL as much as possible — hoping that the Canadians would come to their senses and see what a disaster this would probably become. And it offers nothing to the US beyond a few temporary construction jobs, with almost endless downside risk. Come on GB folks; take the blinders off and see what is going on.
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Blue_Cruzer

Champion Author
Lexington
Posts:5,676 Points:1,305,505 Joined:Mar 2007
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:14:42 AM
You can't have it both ways.
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kcboy

Champion Author
Utah
Posts:2,865 Points:1,280,845 Joined:Jun 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:10:40 AM
If it is not one, it is another.
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menagerie1013

Champion Author
San Diego
Posts:1,044 Points:346,225 Joined:Apr 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:09:42 AM
whatever
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Beboper

Champion Author
Virginia
Posts:6,884 Points:1,799,690 Joined:Oct 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:09:36 AM
I guess you never know
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joel27nc

Champion Author
Raleigh
Posts:8,686 Points:1,495,245 Joined:Mar 2008
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:08:59 AM
We always have disagreements, can't we just get along?
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LCSTEELERBOB

Champion Author
Gary
Posts:2,239 Points:548,800 Joined:Oct 2008
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:07:39 AM
what now
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52MPG

Champion Author
Dayton
Posts:5,430 Points:1,380,305 Joined:Apr 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:07:18 AM
A glass is half empty viewpoint.
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NOGASMOOLA

Rookie Author
Illinois
Posts:61 Points:129,110 Joined:Apr 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:04:02 AM
Interesting...
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Vette1967

Champion Author
Albany
Posts:4,157 Points:916,355 Joined:Jun 2009
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:03:42 AM
Interesting.
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sparkzz

Rookie Author
Ontario
Posts:2 Points:2,215 Joined:Aug 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 8, 2012 12:02:44 AM
It seems to me that if this ends up sitting with nothing happening it is a Lose-Lose situation and that benefits no one.
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bonzoonfmb

All-Star Author
Florida
Posts:534 Points:354,975 Joined:Feb 2010
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:59:22 PM
Run it through their own country. Will not lower domestic gas pricy.
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SparkieMi

Champion Author
Kalamazoo
Posts:1,449 Points:235,405 Joined:Sep 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:56:43 PM
Surprise, surprise....
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carman11

Champion Author
North Carolina
Posts:1,455 Points:327,645 Joined:Jun 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:55:15 PM
OK
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Martinman

Champion Author
Mississippi
Posts:12,502 Points:1,737,020 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:54:10 PM
The following is in reply to VomVom's post immediately below:
.
Did I ever state where or even how much each "spill" or "leak" was?
No.
Did I ever state that crude oil contaminated any ground-water, much less resulted in any environmental damage?
No.
Here's exactly what I posted - for others to see how you have deliberately attempted to distort my post:
"There have already been 12/14 spills (number differs depending on the source) with the portions of the Keystone XL pipeline that were completed little more than 1 year ago."
So, attempt to paint whatever distorted image you want, but I never stated anything as you have attempted to imply.
The larger issue is, that there were 12 or 14 (the actual number or even amount is irrelevent) spills/leaks/drips in a brand new pipeline system, that is running at a lower operational system pressure than the Keystone XL will when fully operational. The additional flow-rates that Keystone has proposed, will be achieved by increasing the pipeline pressure and reducing the distance between the number of pumping stations - thus increasing the likelihood of spills and/or leaks.
If Keystone is already having problems with a new pipeline system that is little more than ONE YEAR OLD, what can we expect FIVE YEARS FROM NOW? WHAT ABOUT TEN? What about when the pipeline is cranked-up to full pumping capacity?
What the State Department and/or EPA concluded, runs counter to what three seperate experts from the University of Nebraska, from two separate fields of expertise, have stated. These are experts on the hydrology of the sandhills region, and on risk assessments in the region, not government lab-scientists with no practice knowledge or experience in the sandhills region.
And this doesn't even begin to address that the Executive Summary, and the actual Environmental Impact Statements are DIFFERENT and SEPERATE DOCUMENTS.
Oh,... and did I mention that TransCanada was so gracious to even kindly contract the third party firm to "assist" the U.S. State Department in preparing the EIS? Sound kinda familiar? It's the same oil industry tactic the industry used in "assisting" Congress, that "helped" write the Energy Policy Act of 2005, that gave us ethanol subsidies and their initial mandates, as well as $18 billion on tax breaks to itself to "foster exploration and exploration related research".
While 14 alternative routes where offered by TransCanada, EIS (Environmental Impact Statements) were not conducted for each individual proposed routes. And for anyone that has been involved in the initial discovery for whether an EIS is required, an initial declaration that there is no significant environmental risk is sufficient to not require a full-blown EIS assessment.
The State Department, through it's own "assisted" reasoning within the permit decision process, made the route determiation on the basis that the shortest route, provided the smallest environmental risk based on total miles exposed, not that anyone one route was "safer" or posed less risk than another. This is why the Republican legislature and Republican governor of Nebraska, moved to stop the pipeline, when it felt the State Department white-washed the assessment and totally ignored the information provided by their own university researchers, who are experts on the region and it's hydrology.
And you are wrong about the proximity of the pipeline to the Ogallaga Aquifer - 65+ miles of the previously proposed pipeline go directly over the aquifer, and in that area where the aquifer is closest to the surface. This was repeatedly reported not only in the press, but came up repeatedly in testimony during hearings and public meetings. That's what happens when you source the wrong document, in a poorly prepared character-assassination attempt.
And as to the issue of Jobs - TransCanada CONTINUES to use the 20,000 jobs and $7 billion figures, fully knowing that those numbers included not only pipeline that has already been accomplished, but also for the Canadian portion of the pipeline IN CANADA. Furthermore, also knowing that many of the jobs in the U.S. will be accomplished by TransCanada employees and contractors with existing contracts to TransCanada. It has knowingly and willfully distorted the numbers in an effort to manipulate public opinion here in the U.S. And this is clearly pointed out by the hiring data for the Keystone XL phase I pipeline - where only 11% of the jobs in South Dakota, were extended to South Dakota residents.
You have repeatedly attempted to distort what others have posted on this forum, twisting what has been posted in an effort to discredit others.
Hell, you can't even keep straight a simple comment like where I stated I am currently working/living, let alone the EIS statements.
You want to debate the issue - fine.
But attempt to deliberately misrepresent what I post - I won't just raise the BS flag, I'll wipe it in your face. Hope you have plenty of handi-wipes...
[Edited by: Martinman at 2/7/2012 11:58:23 PM EST]
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skyking19

Champion Author
Little Rock
Posts:1,574 Points:1,419,870 Joined:Jan 2007
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:48:54 PM
Politics keep playing out on this deal.
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OGW

Champion Author
London
Posts:3,747 Points:1,201,985 Joined:Sep 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:35:52 PM
Keystone is good for the US and good for Canada.
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confetti

Veteran Author
Tampa
Posts:317 Points:235,240 Joined:Jan 2006
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:34:10 PM
Gee, so Canada has their own anti-business kooks, too.
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TopGunn

Champion Author
Baltimore
Posts:7,343 Points:2,253,155 Joined:Aug 2004
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:26:57 PM
Politics vs logic - always a quandry.
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davenles

Champion Author
Texas
Posts:1,376 Points:355,485 Joined:May 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:26:16 PM
Sounds like they have the same subsidies issues we do.
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orphancarguyPE

Champion Author
PEI
Posts:2,171 Points:418,430 Joined:Jan 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:26:11 PM
Of course it would be in Canada's best interest to refine it here and ship out finished product for sale at retail prices--but the US Gulf area refineries are the ones needing crude oil, which is imported largely from Venezuela, Nigeria, and the Middle-East.
Canada had a similar type of problem with its national supply--western oil is simply not available to 'most' of Ontario, Quebec and all 4 Atlantic provinces.
We can and do export Western oil to the USA, and even though the Atlantic provinces are now producing oil and natural gas, the 3 refineries aren't set up to refine it currently, and so (irony!) Newfoundland's refinery can't process Newfoundland oil, and it in fact gets its supplies of refined fuel from elsewhere as great expense--so an oil 'have' has pricing of a 'have-not'. The Eastern refineries were set up to use imported crude which at one time was way cheaper than Western Canadian crude, even before the mind-boggling pipeline cost.
It would be cheaper--and quicker to resolve too--to ship crude via "relatively small" additions (as in Keystone) to the existing US pipeline structures and networks or to build the Northern Gateway to export it to Asia, than it would be build appropriate pipeline capacity from West to East in Canada.
Prime Minister Harper as an Albertan sees the situation with Western eyes: export now for the cheapest bang for the buck, and then the East can import from elsewhere what it needs. Gravelle has a different point of view from a different perspective (including that of jobs and energy security on a national level)--but doing so while good in the long run for us would cost more in the short term.
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Rockwoodband

Veteran Author
Flint
Posts:426 Points:203,850 Joined:Oct 2009
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:25:30 PM
Who asked for his opinion?
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Petrothirst

Champion Author
Los Angeles
Posts:2,182 Points:398,885 Joined:Nov 2005
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:24:35 PM
This coincides with a question recently asked about why Canada build their own refinery and process the oil themselves. Apparently there are those Canadians who think they should.
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GigHarborHound

All-Star Author
Tacoma
Posts:926 Points:164,305 Joined:Sep 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:22:37 PM
B.O. Stinks!
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BeachPatriot

Rookie Author
Maine
Posts:34 Points:116,405 Joined:Oct 2011
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:21:29 PM
The actions of the Obamanation have put at risk our special relationship with our friends to the north.
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Prodaddy

Champion Author
Houston
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:20:19 PM
Suprise Suprise
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KhelbenArunson

Champion Author
Michigan
Posts:2,654 Points:355,955 Joined:Apr 2008
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:15:47 PM
Unless it it rerouted I don't think we should allow it.
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bby

Champion Author
Twin Cities
Posts:4,059 Points:696,470 Joined:Nov 2009
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:15:36 PM
ok
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woburnspotter2

Veteran Author
Boston
Posts:480 Points:167,005 Joined:Apr 2007
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Message Posted: Feb 7, 2012 11:15:30 PM
Funny how politicians bend reality. . . The Canadian economy has never been better, and everyone says it is because of the oil. Unemployment is down. . . Even the Canadian dollar has come on par with the American dollar. . . At least in the exchange rate.
Yes, they need to protect from spills. . . . But the logic just isn't there that this will cost Canadians jobs.
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